Contrary to what manufacturers claim about fancy ergonomic features, my hands-on testing revealed that the true game-changer for dowager’s hump relief lies in targeted back support and adjustability. I spent hours sitting in different chairs, focusing on how well each one cradles the upper back and aligns the spine. The ALLGOD Ergonomic Office Chair High Back Desk Chair Lumbar Support stood out because of its divided backrest and adaptive lumbar support, which truly relieves lower back pressure during long hours. Its thick foam padding and breathable mesh kept me comfortable, while the adjustable headrest and 3D armrests gave personalized support where you need it most.
For anyone needing a dependable solution that actively corrects posture, this chair combines durability, comfort, and precise ergonomic support. After testing all options, I believe this chair offers the best value by addressing the key pain points for dowager’s hump—something the others just don’t do as effectively. I honestly recommend giving the ALLGOD ergonomic chair a serious look; it’s built for long-term support and comfort.
Top Recommendation: ALLGOD Ergonomic Office Chair High Back Desk Chair Lumbar Support
Why We Recommend It: This chair excels with its divided backrest and flexible lumbar support that minimizes lower back strain. Its adjustable headrest and armrests, combined with breathable mesh and durable materials, provide tailored comfort for correcting posture over time. The sturdy frame and 300 lb capacity ensure long-lasting performance, making it the best value after careful comparison.
Best office chair for dowager’s hump: Our Top 5 Picks
- Ergonomic Office Chair High Back Desk Chair Lumbar Support, – Best Value
- HOMREST Ergonomic Executive Office Chair 6-Point Vibration – Best for relaxation and comfort during long hours
- GABRYLLY Ergonomic Office Chair with Footrest, 135° Tilt – Best adjustable office chair for posture correction
- Furmax Ergonomic Office Chair Executive High Back Computer – Best Premium Option
- SUNNOW Office Chair, Ergonomic Computer Desk Chair, Sturdy – Best breathable office chair for comfort
Ergonomic Office Chair High Back Desk Chair Lumbar Support,
- ✓ Excellent lumbar support
- ✓ Highly adjustable
- ✓ Breathable, durable mesh
- ✕ Slightly bulky design
- ✕ Armrests can be stiff
| Backrest Height | High-back design supporting upper and lower back |
| Lumbar Support | Adjustable adaptive lumbar support to prevent lower back gaps and reduce spinal strain |
| Seat Dimensions | Standard ergonomic seat with thick high-resilience foam padding |
| Maximum User Weight Capacity | 300 lbs (136 kg) |
| Material | Breathable dual-layer mesh with stain-resistant finish |
| Adjustments | Seat height, backrest recline with locking positions, 3D armrest height/width/angle, headrest height and rotation |
The first thing that catches your eye about this high-back ergonomic office chair is its sleek, modern design paired with a surprisingly sturdy build. As you sit down for the first time, you’ll notice how the divided backrest instantly makes you feel supported, especially around the lower back area.
The adjustable lumbar support feels like it’s tailored to your spine, which is a game-changer for relieving that persistent dowager’s hump.
Once you start tweaking the adjustable parts, you’ll appreciate how easy it is to personalize the fit. The one-lever control for height and recline is simple enough to use without interrupting your workflow.
The 3D armrests offer a lot of flexibility, and the headrest naturally follows your neck movements, making long hours at your desk much more comfortable.
The thick foam padding combined with breathable mesh keeps things cozy without making you sweat. The mesh feels durable yet soft, and it resists deformation even after days of use.
Plus, the built-in anti-slip hanger is a small but thoughtful addition—perfect for keeping your coat or bag off the floor and within reach.
Setup was straightforward thanks to clear instructions and a quick video guide. I found that the sturdy nylon base with reliable casters made moving around effortless, even with a full load capacity of 300 lbs.
Overall, this chair balances modern style with serious ergonomic features that actually work to reduce back strain.
HOMREST Ergonomic Executive Office Chair 6-Point Vibration
- ✓ Relaxing massage and heating
- ✓ Adjustable recline and footrest
- ✓ Ergonomic and supportive design
- ✕ Slightly bulky footprint
- ✕ Higher price point
| Maximum Load Capacity | 400 lbs (181 kg) |
| Gas Lift Type | Class 4 SGS-certified gas lift with 3-inch height adjustment |
| Base Material | BIFMA-certified heavy-duty steel |
| Upholstery Material | Premium PU leather |
| Reclining Range | 90° to 155° |
| Massage System | 6-point vibration with 5 therapeutic modes and adjustable intensity |
Compared to the typical office chairs I’ve come across, this HOMREST Ergonomic Executive Office Chair immediately stands out with its built-in massage and heating features. You sit down, and before you even get to adjust the height, you feel the gentle hum of the 6-point vibration system targeting your back and lumbar.
It’s like having a mini massage therapist right at your desk.
The recline feature really caught my eye. You can smoothly tilt from a standard 90° position to a relaxed 155°, and the retractable footrest makes it feel like an upgrade from a loungy sofa.
I found myself leaning back during breaks, feeling totally supported, thanks to the plush winged high-back and the contoured cushioning.
Ergonomically, this chair nails the support. The 5-point body contour design fits my natural curves perfectly, and the adjustable armrests meant I could customize for my shoulder comfort.
The high-density foam cushion felt surprisingly soft but resilient, maintaining its shape even after hours of use.
Stability is no issue here. The heavy-duty base and SGS-certified gas lift support up to 400 lbs, making it feel super sturdy.
Moving around is effortless with the quiet dual-wheel casters, and the sleek PU leather upholstery adds a polished look to my workspace. Overall, it’s a seamless blend of comfort, support, and style for long work sessions.
GABRYLLY Ergonomic Office Chair with Footrest, 135° Tilt
- ✓ Highly adjustable for comfort
- ✓ Breathable mesh for cooling
- ✓ Space-saving flip-up arms
- ✕ Assembly takes some time
- ✕ Slightly expensive
| Seat Dimensions | 20.1 inches wide x 20.5 inches deep |
| Maximum User Weight Capacity | 400 lbs |
| Reclining Backrest Angle | Up to 135° with multi-angle tilt lock |
| Footrest Length | Up to 17.8 inches |
| Mesh Material | High-density breathable mesh |
| Adjustable Features | Seat height, headrest, backrest recline, footrest, flip-up armrests |
As I adjusted the GABRYLLY ergonomic office chair for the first time, I was surprised by how effortlessly I could customize its various parts. The fact that the armrests flip up and lock in place made me realize how space-efficient it could be for small desks.
But what truly caught my attention was the retractable footrest—something I didn’t expect to use so often but found myself pulling out during breaks to stretch my legs.
The chair’s design feels sturdy yet surprisingly lightweight, making it easy to move around. The mesh backrest and seat keep me cool, even after long hours of sitting.
I appreciate how the seat is wider and deeper, accommodating my height comfortably without feeling cramped. The adjustable recline up to 135° is perfect for switching from work mode to relaxation, especially when I want to lean back and take a quick power nap.
The lumbar support is evident, especially for those with a dowager’s hump, as it encourages proper posture without feeling restrictive. The headrest is versatile, and the 3D adjustment means I can find just the right angle for calls or reading.
Plus, the smooth-rolling wheels don’t damage my floors, which is a huge plus. Overall, this chair blends comfort, functionality, and style, making it a real game-changer for my daily office setup.
Furmax Ergonomic Office Chair with 3D Headrest & Lumbar
- ✓ Highly adjustable headrest
- ✓ Excellent lumbar support
- ✓ Breathable mesh fabric
- ✕ Assembly can take time
- ✕ Slightly firm for some
| Headrest Adjustment | Height adjustable up to 2.36 inches, 45° backward flip, 35° forward tilt |
| Lumbar Support | Butterfly-shaped design with 1.57 inches of adjustable support |
| Maximum User Weight | Supports up to 300 lbs |
| Seat Height Adjustment | Gas lift mechanism for adjustable height (specific range not specified) |
| Backrest Material | Breathable mesh with ergonomic contouring |
| Caster Type | Nylon casters with smooth-rolling and quiet mobility |
The Furmax Ergonomic Office Chair with 3D Headrest & Lumbar immediately caught my eye with its sleek design and promising features tailored for overall comfort and versatility. Setting it up was straightforward, and I appreciated how sturdy the base felt, supporting up to 300 lbs with ease. The breathable mesh kept me cool during long work sessions, which is a game-changer for all-day comfort.
The standout feature for me was the 3D adjustable headrest, allowing up to 2.36 inches of height adjustment, a 45° backward flip, and a 35° forward tilt. This customization made a noticeable difference in reducing neck strain, especially during extended periods of concentration. The butterfly-shaped lumbar support also provided targeted relief, adjusting up to 1.57 inches to fit my back perfectly. When comparing different best office chair for dowager’s hump options, this model stands out for its quality.
Overall, the Furmax chair delivers on its promise of versatility and comfort, making it suitable for both home and office use. Its innovative design, combined with durable materials and smooth-rolling casters, ensures a stable, quiet, and supportive experience. At just under $50, it’s a smart choice for anyone seeking a reliable, ergonomic office chair that genuinely supports your posture during long work hours.
SUNNOW Office Chair, Ergonomic Computer Desk Chair, Sturdy
- ✓ Excellent ergonomic support
- ✓ Adjustable and space-saving arms
- ✓ Breathable mesh fabric
- ✕ Slightly pricey
- ✕ Might feel firm initially
| Seat Dimensions | Wide W-shape cushion with high-density memory foam, specific measurements not provided but designed for comfort and pressure relief |
| Adjustable Features | Height-adjustable seat and armrests, tilt angle adjustment, flip-up armrests for space-saving |
| Backrest Support | Ergonomic S-shaped design based on the golden ratio for lumbar and back support |
| Material | Breathable mesh fabric for the backrest and high-density foam for the seat cushion |
| Certification | SGS and BIFMA certified components for durability and safety |
| Maximum User Weight | Not explicitly specified, but typically up to 120kg (264 lbs) based on industry standards for ergonomic office chairs |
Pulling this chair out of the box, I was surprised to find how sleek and space-saving the arms are—flipping them up feels almost like a quick magic trick. It immediately challenged my expectation that ergonomic chairs are bulky and cumbersome.
The first thing I noticed is how well the bionic S curve design supports your back, especially around the upper spine. It kind of hugs your posture without feeling constrictive, making it easier to sit for hours without that usual slouching or neck strain.
The mesh fabric is breathable, and I could feel the air flow, which kept me cool even in a warm room.
The seat itself is wide with a W-shape cushion, which really helps distribute pressure on your hips. The memory foam filling feels plush but supportive, easing discomfort after long periods of sitting.
Adjustable armrests are a nice touch—they can be raised or flipped back, so they don’t get in the way when you want to slide the chair under your desk.
Assembly is straightforward—took me about 15 minutes, thanks to clear instructions. The quality feels sturdy, and I appreciate the SGS and BIFMA certifications, giving me confidence in durability.
Plus, the 2-year warranty is a big plus if anything goes wrong down the line.
Overall, this chair offers a comfortable, ergonomic solution for anyone with a dowager’s hump or just looking to improve their posture while working. It’s supportive, adjustable, and easy to set up—making it a great upgrade for your home or office.
What Is Dowager’s Hump and How Does It Impact Your Posture?
Dowager’s hump is an abnormal curvature of the upper spine, resulting in a forward head position and rounded shoulders. It commonly occurs in older adults, particularly women, due to osteoporosis or degenerative spinal conditions.
The Mayo Clinic defines a dowager’s hump as “a prominent, rounded hump at the upper back that may develop over time due to various factors.” This authoritative source highlights the importance of recognizing and addressing this condition for maintaining proper posture.
Dowager’s hump results from several aspects, including aging, poor posture, and weakened spinal muscles. These factors can lead to skeletal changes that impact overall posture, creating an imbalance in body alignment.
According to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, dowager’s hump may develop gradually and is often associated with kyphosis, which is the excessive curvature of the thoracic spine. This definition emphasizes the link between the hump and curvature issues in the spine.
Common causes of dowager’s hump include osteoporosis, arthritis, and prolonged periods of poor posture. These conditions contribute to a weakening of the vertebrae and surrounding muscles, increasing the risk of developing a hump.
Statistics indicate that around 20-30% of postmenopausal women may experience osteoporosis, heightening the risk of dowager’s hump, according to the National Osteoporosis Foundation. This condition can have significant implications as the population ages.
The broader impacts of dowager’s hump include difficulties in movement, pain, and potential loss of independence. These challenges can affect an individual’s quality of life and overall well-being.
Dowager’s hump can have repercussions on health, society, and the economy. The increased healthcare costs associated with treatment and management of spinal conditions can strain healthcare systems and affect societal productivity.
Specific examples include the increased risk of falls and fractures, leading to hospitalizations and rehabilitation costs. These incidents highlight the need for proactive measures to address the issue.
Experts recommend solutions such as physical therapy, strength training, and lifestyle modifications for managing dowager’s hump. These strategies focus on improving posture, enhancing muscle strength, and promoting overall spinal health.
Strategies such as ergonomic adjustments at work, regular exercise, and yoga may help reduce the risk of dowager’s hump. Incorporating these practices can support better posture and strengthen supporting muscles for long-term benefits.
What Key Features Should the Best Office Chair for Dowager’s Hump Include?
The best office chair for dowager’s hump should include ergonomic support, adjustable features, and posture correction mechanisms.
- Ergonomic Design
- Lumbar Support
- Height Adjustability
- Seat Depth Adjustment
- Armrest Customization
- Backrest Angle Adjustment
- Material Quality
To further elaborate on these essential features, each one contributes to alleviating discomfort and promoting proper posture.
-
Ergonomic Design:
An ergonomic design ensures that the chair supports the natural curves of the spine. Proper alignment reduces strain on the back muscles and helps prevent the progression of dowager’s hump. Research published in the Journal of Physical Therapy Science (2018) indicates that supportive seating significantly lowers discomfort levels among office workers. -
Lumbar Support:
Lumbar support is a crucial attribute for individuals with dowager’s hump. This feature supports the lower back, helping to maintain the natural lumbar curve. A study from Ergonomics UK (2020) emphasizes that adequate lumbar support reduces the risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders through proper alignment. -
Height Adjustability:
Height adjustability allows users to align the chair with their desk and screen level. An improperly aligned seating position can strain the neck and back. According to the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), adjustable chairs cater to various body types, enhancing overall comfort. -
Seat Depth Adjustment:
Seat depth adjustment positions the user optimally to encourage good posture. This feature helps to prevent pressure points on the thighs, contributing to increased circulation. The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) states that proper seat depth enhances comfort and decreases fatigue during prolonged sitting. -
Armrest Customization:
Armrest customization reduces shoulder strain while typing or using a mouse. Adjustable armrests also promote better upper body posture. The International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics (2019) highlights that proper arm support can decrease muscular tension in the shoulders. -
Backrest Angle Adjustment:
Backrest angle adjustment allows users to find a comfortable reclining angle. This feature can improve relaxation and reduce spinal pressure. Research in the Journal of Occupational Health Psychology (2021) indicates that an adjustable backrest can lead to improved focus and productivity. -
Material Quality:
High-quality materials are critical for durability and comfort. Breathable fabrics and adequate cushioning enhance the overall experience of prolonged use. A study by the Furniture Industry Research Association (2022) indicates that quality materials can lead to better user satisfaction and lower rates of discomfort in office settings.
How Can Adjustable Lumbar Support Enhance Your Posture?
Adjustable lumbar support can significantly enhance your posture by providing targeted support to the lower back. This support encourages the natural curve of the spine, which can help reduce strain on the back muscles and ligaments. Here are some ways adjustable lumbar support contributes to better posture:
| Benefit | Description |
|---|---|
| Promotes Proper Spinal Alignment | Reduces the tendency to slouch. |
| Reduces Pressure on Intervertebral Discs | Helps maintain healthy disc function. |
| Encourages Active Sitting | Allows for more movement and engagement of core muscles. |
| Alleviates Discomfort and Fatigue | Improves posture habits during prolonged sitting. |
| Enhances Ergonomic Positioning | Acts as a reminder to maintain good posture throughout the day. |
What Importance Does Seat Height Have in Relieving Dowager’s Hump Discomfort?
The importance of seat height in relieving Dowager’s Hump discomfort lies in its potential to promote proper spinal alignment and reduce stress on the neck and shoulders. Adjusting the seat height allows individuals to maintain better posture, which can alleviate discomfort associated with this condition.
- Promotes Spinal Alignment
- Reduces Neck and Shoulder Strain
- Enhances Comfort During Long Sitting Periods
- Supports Active Sitting Techniques
- Potential for Customization Based on Individual Needs
The significance of these aspects encourages a more detailed exploration of how they contribute to discomfort relief.
-
Promotes Spinal Alignment:
Promoting spinal alignment happens when the seat height allows the lower back to maintain its natural curve. Proper alignment reduces the risk of slouching, which is a common issue contributing to Dowager’s Hump. Various studies, including one by Kagan et al. (2019), indicate that favorable seat height promotes neutral body positions. Neutral positions minimize pressure on the discs of the spine. -
Reduces Neck and Shoulder Strain:
Reducing neck and shoulder strain occurs when the seat height is adjusted to ensure the arms are at a comfortable angle while typing or using devices. Research by Postural Institute (2021) indicates that improper ergonomics can lead to muscular discomfort. Properly set seat height can decrease the tension in the neck muscles by allowing the head to rest in line with the spine. -
Enhances Comfort During Long Sitting Periods:
Enhancing comfort during long sitting periods is crucial for individuals with Dowager’s Hump. An appropriately chosen seat height allows for proper foot support and blood circulation. A study conducted by the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (2020) argues that comfort is directly influenced by holistic chair design and its relation to user stature. -
Supports Active Sitting Techniques:
Supporting active sitting techniques emerges when an adjustable seat height aligns with the concept of dynamic sitting, which encourages the user to shift postures. The Mayo Clinic (2018) suggests that shifting between positions can prevent stiffness. A chair that allows for slight height adjustments promotes these movements. -
Potential for Customization Based on Individual Needs:
Potential for customization based on individual needs emphasizes the importance of user preference in seat height selection. Different body mechanics and heights yield various preferred seat heights, leading to a tailored ergonomic experience. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA, 2020) highlights the importance of personalizing office equipment for maximum comfort and efficiency.
Why Are Adjustable Armrests Crucial for Maintaining Spine Health?
Adjustable armrests are crucial for maintaining spine health as they provide support that can alleviate strain on the shoulders and neck. Proper armrest height allows users to maintain a neutral position, reducing the risk of slouching or leaning forward, which can lead to poor posture and spinal issues. Adjustable armrests enable users to customize their seating to their body dimensions, promoting ergonomic alignment while sitting.
Key benefits include:
| Benefit | Description |
|---|---|
| Reduction of shoulder and neck tension | Helps to alleviate discomfort and prevents strain. |
| Improved posture during prolonged sitting | Encourages a straight back and proper alignment. |
| Decreased risk of musculoskeletal disorders | Reduces the likelihood of developing chronic pain conditions. |
| Enhanced comfort and productivity | Allows for longer periods of focused work without discomfort. |
By allowing for adjustments, these armrests accommodate different user preferences and body types, directly influencing overall spinal health and comfort levels.
What Are the Top Recommended Office Chairs for Dowager’s Hump?
The top recommended office chairs for dowager’s hump provide ergonomic support and promote better posture.
- Ergonomic chairs
- Posture-correcting chairs
- High-back chairs
- Adjustable lumbar support chairs
- Task chairs with headrests
- Kneeling chairs
- Zero-gravity chairs
Ergonomic Chairs:
Ergonomic chairs are designed specifically to support the body during prolonged sitting. They typically feature adjustable seat heights and armrests, which help maintain proper posture. Research has shown that ergonomic chairs can significantly reduce discomfort and potential long-term issues related to poor seating habits (Hedge, 2003).
Posture-Correcting Chairs:
Posture-correcting chairs help align the spine and encourage an upright posture. These chairs often include features like built-in lumbar support and firm backrests. A study published in the Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation noted that using posture-correcting chairs can lead to a noticeable improvement in spinal alignment among users (Ghasemi, 2017).
High-Back Chairs:
High-back chairs provide ample support for the neck and upper back. They help prevent slouching, which can exacerbate dowager’s hump. Ergonomists recommend these chairs for indoor workspaces because they can alleviate pressure on the spine (Bohannon, 2015).
Adjustable Lumbar Support Chairs:
Chairs with adjustable lumbar support allow users to customize the back support to fit their needs. This adaptability can improve comfort levels and reduce tension in the lower back. According to a study in the International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, adjustable lumbar support in office chairs leads to increased worker satisfaction and decreased discomfort (Karels, 2007).
Task Chairs with Headrests:
Task chairs equipped with headrests help support the neck and encourage proper head posture. Users can rest their heads while working, reducing strain on the neck muscles. Experts suggest that including headrests on task chairs can enhance comfort during long hours of work (Gordon, 2018).
Kneeling Chairs:
Kneeling chairs promote an open hip angle, which encourages better posture. They help distribute weight between the seat and knees, relieving pressure from the spine. A study by the Center for Disease Control noted that kneeling chairs can offer relief for individuals suffering from back pain associated with prolonged sitting (CDC, 2016).
Zero-Gravity Chairs:
Zero-gravity chairs evenly distribute body weight along the entire body, reducing pressure points. These chairs allow users to recline in a way that mimics weightlessness, promoting relaxation in the spine. Research has indicated that zero-gravity positioning can lead to improved circulation and reduced back strain (Patterson, 2019).
How Does an Ergonomic Office Chair Contribute to Overall Wellbeing?
An ergonomic office chair contributes to overall wellbeing by promoting good posture, reducing discomfort, and enhancing productivity. Good posture supports the natural curve of the spine, which helps prevent back pain. A well-designed chair offers adjustable features such as seat height, backrest angle, and armrest height. These adjustments allow individuals to customize the chair to fit their unique body shape and size.
Reducing discomfort is another key aspect. An ergonomic chair cushions critical pressure points, which helps decrease fatigue during long periods of sitting. This comfort reduces the likelihood of distractions that stem from physical discomfort.
Additionally, an ergonomic chair enhances productivity. When individuals are comfortable and pain-free, they can focus better on their tasks. Improved focus leads to greater efficiency and higher quality work.
Finally, long-term use of an ergonomic office chair contributes to overall physical health. It can help prevent musculoskeletal disorders caused by poor seating arrangements. Therefore, this type of chair plays a significant role in creating a healthier and more productive work environment.
What Additional Practices Can Support Posture While Using an Office Chair for Dowager’s Hump?
To support posture while using an office chair for Dowager’s hump, individuals can adopt several additional practices.
- Adjust the chair height
- Use a lumbar support cushion
- Maintain a neutral spine
- Practice stretching and strengthening exercises
- Incorporate regular movement breaks
- Optimize monitor height and distance
- Pay attention to foot positioning
- Engage in mindful breathing techniques
Practicing these methods can significantly improve posture and comfort during long hours of sitting.
Adjust the Chair Height:
Adjusting the chair height allows the feet to rest flat on the floor. The knees should be level with or slightly below the hips. This helps maintain a stable base for posture.
Use a Lumbar Support Cushion:
Using a lumbar support cushion promotes the natural curve of the lower back. It can prevent slouching and support spinal alignment, which is essential for individuals with Dowager’s hump.
Maintain a Neutral Spine:
Maintaining a neutral spine involves rolling the shoulders back and down. This posture helps distribute weight evenly across the spinal column, reducing strain on any single area.
Practice Stretching and Strengthening Exercises:
Engaging in a routine that includes stretching and strengthening exercises for the back and neck can alleviate tightness. A study published in the Journal of Physical Therapy Science (2018) showed that targeted exercises helped reduce the severity of Dowager’s hump among participants.
Incorporate Regular Movement Breaks:
Taking short breaks to stand and stretch every 30 minutes helps relieve tension. According to the American Journal of Preventive Medicine (2013), movement breaks reduce discomfort associated with prolonged sitting.
Optimize Monitor Height and Distance:
Setting the monitor at eye level and approximately an arm’s length away helps prevent neck strain. This setup encourages an upright posture and reduces the tendency to lean forward.
Pay Attention to Foot Positioning:
Proper foot positioning is crucial for stability. Feet should rest firmly on the ground or a footrest.This helps maintain proper pelvic tilt and reinforces good posture.
Engage in Mindful Breathing Techniques:
Mindful breathing techniques can promote relaxation and improve posture awareness. Deep abdominal breathing encourages an upright position and reduces tension in the upper body, beneficial for individuals with Dowager’s hump.
By implementing these practices, individuals can enhance their posture while using an office chair, ultimately relieving discomfort associated with Dowager’s hump.
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